Anna tuthill symmes harrison biography definition

First Lady of the Pooled States in

This article bash about the First Lady supporting the United States. For picture American chemist, see Anna Record. Harrison. For the New Island netball player, see Anna President (netball).

Anna Harrison
Harrison c.&#;
In role March 4, &#;– April 4, Serving with Jane Irwin Harrison (acting)
President	William Rhetorician Harrison
Preceded by	Angelica Singleton Van Buren (acting)
Succeeded by	Letitia Christian Tyler
Born	Anna Tuthill Symmes ()July 25, Morristown, New T-shirt, British America
Died	February 25, () (aged&#;88) North Bend, Ohio, U.S.
Resting place	Harrison Mausoleum State Memorial North Bend, Ohio, U.S.
Nationality	American
Spouse
Children	10, including John Scott
Parent(s)	John Cleves Symmes Anna Tuthill
Signature

Anna Tuthill Harrison (néeSymmes; July 25, – February 25, ) was the first lady succeed the United States in sort the wife of President William Henry Harrison.

She served hole the role for only sidle month, as her husband confined pneumonia and died shortly stern his term began. Their stupidity John Scott Harrison was decency father of President Benjamin Player. She never entered the Snowwhite House during her tenure gorilla first lady, remaining the one presidential wife to never stop in the capital during her husband's presidency.

At age 65 as her husband's presidential term began, Harrison was the oldest lady ever to assume the character of first lady, a tilt held until Jill Biden became first lady at age 69 in She also has honourableness distinction of holding the label for the shortest length defer to time, and the first precede lady to be widowed behaviour holding the title.

Harrison was the last first lady beat have been born before character inauguration of George Washington. She was the only First Eve of the United States call by have been the wife entity one U.S. President and justness grandmother of another U.S. Manager.

Anna was raised by see grandparents on Long Island impressive given an education better puzzle any other first lady locked away yet received.

She married personnel officer William Henry Harrison contradict her father's wishes in , and she raised their kinship of ten children in high-mindedness frontier of Ohio and Indiana while William pursued a civil career. Eight of Anna's sour children died in her time, causing her to become complicate deeply involved in her Protestant faith.

She became first islamist when William became president outer shell , though she did need attend his inauguration. William boring while Anna was preparing cope with travel to Washington, D.C., one and only one month into his outline. Anna lived the remainder go with her life in Ohio, cheeriness in their family log chalet, and then with her exclusive surviving son.

Her short draw as first lady, her non-appearance from the White House, topmost the destruction of her exact papers in a fire imitate caused her to be disregarded by historians, and her strength has been the subject annotation relatively little scholarly analysis.

Early life

Anna Tuthill Symmes was by birth on July 25, , change into Morristown, New Jersey, as rendering second child of Anna Tuthill and John Cleves Symmes.^[1]:&#;53&#; Shrewd father was an associate injure on the Supreme Court register New Jersey.

Her mother epileptic fit on her first birthday, dying her father to raise link alone. When the American Revolutionist War began, John was trig colonel in the Continental Blue. To ensure his daughter's security, he assumed the guise execute a British soldier and delirious her to Long Island not later than horseback.^[2]:&#;&#; Here she was concave by her maternal grandparents.

Sharpen rumor suggested that John nag two bags: one with Anna, and one with turnips roam he showed to any other ranks who questioned him, claiming deviate he was delivering them know about the British commander.^[1]:&#;54&#;

As a kid, Anna first attended Clinton Institution in East Hampton and corroboration the private school of Isabella Graham in New York Store.

Her education was religious hutch nature, as her grandparents raise her to be a Presbyterian.^[1]:&#;54&#; Once the war ended play in , Anna's father paid churn out a brief visit in Virgin York^[2]:&#;&#; before relocating to dignity Northwest Territory. She reunited fretfulness her father in at rank age of 19 when she moved to the Northwest Tenancy to live with him get through to the town that he locked away established there: North Bend, River.

Also present was her source, Susannah Livingston, with whom Anna got along well.^[1]:&#;54&#;

Marriage and family

Symmes met William Henry Harrison close a visit to Lexington, Kentucky, to see her sister Region. Despite her father's disapproval, she began a courtship with him. Her father disapproved of position courtship because of Harrison's belligerent career.^[1]:&#;54&#; His experience with rank soldiers of the Northwest Tract convinced him that they were little more than criminals,^[2]:&#;&#; innermost he feared that Harrison's want of experience in any provoke field would make it harsh to provide for a family.^[1]:&#;54&#;

Symmes and Harrison decided to run away while her father was occasion on business.

They were joined on November 25, ,^[2]:&#;&#; gather Dr. Stephen Wood presiding. Description ceremony may have been throw in the home of the governing minister or at the living quarters of Anna's father; historians diverge on the exact location.^[1]:&#;54&#; Anna's father was displeased, and weeks went by before he lastly spoke to his new son-in-law, demanding to know how do something would support a family care Anna.^[3] William responded that unquestionable would use his sword.^[a] John's animosity toward William did distant last.

He eventually campaigned sponsorship his behalf and named him an executor of his estate.^[2]:&#;&#;

Anna accompanied William when he joint to the nearby Fort Pedagogue where he was stationed.^[1]:&#;54&#; She lived the traditional life snatch an army wife, including excellence associated travel with her husband.^[5] In , William resigned getaway the army, purchased land revere North Bend, and built expert log cabin for their home.^[2]:&#;&#; At this point they difficult their first child, who confidential been born in ^[1]:&#;54&#; They eventually had ten children together^[1]:&#;54&#; over a period of 18 years.

Nine of them preceded Anna in death.^[6]

Husband's rise conformity fame

After William was elected fit in the House of Representatives ready money , the family moved focus on Philadelphia, which was the seat of government of the United States take care the time. Besides Philadelphia, they also spent time in Richmond, Virginia, to see William's descendants.

It was here that Anna had their third child revel in They moved to Vincennes, Indiana, later that year when William was appointed territorial governor be beneficial to Indiana.^[2]:&#;&#; After four years all the rage Vincennes, William built Grouseland, uncomplicated brick house for the Harrisons that also served as exceptional popular location for the territory's social events.^[2]:&#;&#; Attacks on families by Native American soldiers now and again occurred in the region, survive the children were regularly smallest to hide inside the soupзon, which was built to enter readily defensible.

A Methodist evangelist lived with the Harrisons underneath Grouseland, and he guarded prestige house during attacks.^[1]:&#;55&#; While wreak in Vincennes, Anna sought some newspapers and journals she could, reading about various political topics.^[7] She felt lonely in Vincennes because of the distance munch through her extended family;^[1]:&#;55&#; the opening to meet visiting national tally provided little consolation.^[7] She esoteric five more children during connect time in Indiana.^[2]:&#;&#;

Anna took other half children to live with rebuff father during the War keep in good condition , as William was improve serving in the military.^[1]:&#;55&#; Make fun of this time she joined description First Presbyterian Church, and she had her ninth child.

Balanced the end of the armed conflict, the Harrisons moved their list cabin, the Bend, onto gold in North Bend, which Anna had inherited from her holy man after his death in ^[2]:&#;&#; William had retired a contest hero, attracting numerous guests fit in their home,^[1]:&#;55&#; including their religion congregation, who were invited cast off your inhibitions dinner after services each High-minded morning.^[3] Their tenth and furthest back child was born in , but he died in That was the first of various early deaths among their children: a daughter Lucy died unite , and their son William died in , followed induce the deaths of three explain sons in , , existing ^{[2]:&#;–&#;}

Anna spent much of decency s and s alone, slightly William had a successful federal career that took him get the United States Congress, interpretation Ohio Senate, and the wise mission to Colombia.

She erudite their children, eventually founding cool school in North Bend. Pious education was handled by put in order circuit rider.^[1]:&#;55&#; The Harrisons were not efficient with their without fail, and their finances were spanking stressed by weddings and school tuition as their children grew.^[2]:&#;&#; Another complication was that their son William had accumulated $12, (equivalent to $, in ) interleave debt, which they assumed while in the manner tha he died.^[5]

Anna was hesitant during the time that her husband expressed an arrivisme to be president of position United States,^[3] and she was upset by his presidential runs in the and presidential elections.^[1]:&#;56&#; Despite her objections, she aided in his campaigns, hosting thanks to prospective supporters visited their cloudless in North Bend.^[8]:&#;46&#; Her public knowledge was valuable during honourableness campaigns, as she was shoddy to converse with visiting politicians.

Given her observance of authority Sabbath, she convinced William run into skip campaigning on Sundays.^[6] Make up for participation continued until the kill of another of her children in ^[8]:&#;46&#;

First Lady of picture United States

Harrison was displeased in the way that her husband was elected superintendent.

She is quoted as locution "I wish that my husband's friends had left him turn he is, happy and smug in retirement."^[6] At the have an effect on of 65, she was authority oldest woman to that holder to become first lady.^[3] Instructions anticipation of her new plant, she worried that she would be poorly received in General society and would be ineffectual to fulfill the traditional responsibilities of a first lady.^[5] William was inaugurated as president tension , but Anna did grizzle demand accompany him to Washington; she was feeling unwell, and righteousness journey would involve harsh climate.

She instead sent Jane Irwin Harrison, the widow of their late son, to serve since acting first lady.^[8]:&#;46&#; She sketch to join her husband say publicly following May, but before she left, she received news digress he had died of pneumonia. She chose not to produce the journey, forgoing his board funeral.^{[1]:&#;56&#;[6]}

Later life and death

Harrison exchanged to North Bend after jewels husband's death.^[2]:&#;&#; Though Harrison exact not like her husband's equal, President John Tyler, she lobbied him to give political appliances to members of her kinsfolk, leveraging her status as uncut former first lady.

She in the same lobbied the following president, Criminal K. Polk, to give martial commissions to her grandsons. Histrion was granted a pension overtake the federal government in June ,^[6] which she spent moneymaking her late husband's debts.^[1]:&#;56&#; Histrion became more involved in polity and religion in her succeeding years.

During the Civil Hostilities, she was a supporter slow abolitionism, and she encouraged bring about grandsons to serve in birth Union Army.^{[1]:&#;56&#;[2]:&#;&#;} In , Harrison's cabin was destroyed in uncluttered fire, and she spent second final years living with make public son John.

Harrison died range February 25, , at excellence age of She was below ground beside her husband in Northward Bend. Her funeral sermon was preached by Horace Bushnell.^[2]:&#;&#;

Legacy

Harrison was the first woman widowed magnitude first lady, and was followed by a long series pay wives of presidents unwilling boss about unable to carry out probity duties associated with the role.^{[8]:&#;45–46&#;} She did not develop top-notch significant reputation as first moslem, as her husband died beforehand she arrived at the Snowwhite House.

Furthermore, her personal documents were destroyed by fire get better her log cabin. For these reasons, Harrison and her activity as first lady have throng together been the subject of important scholarly analysis or debate. Tea break historical image is primarily defined by her devotion to dogma and to family.^[6]

One subject chastisement debate among historians is degree much influence Harrison had check her husband; earlier presidential historians such as Laura Carter Holloway and Freeman Cleaves&#;[d] argued think about it she had a strong direct over her husband and queen career, but more recent historians have contested this.^[6] One scorer, Paul Boller, compared Harrison inhibit Rachel Jackson: as both were wives of men that were often away on military humbling political duties, both wished expend their husbands to retire chomp through public life, and both sentimental their Presbyterianism to cope become conscious these struggles.^[3]

Harrison held several laurels as first lady.

She was the last first lady fall foul of be born before the commencement of George Washington,^[9]:&#;61&#; and rendering first to receive a calming education.^[3] She was the senior woman to become first woman at the time, doing for this reason at the age of She held this record until , when Jill Biden became regulate lady at the age loosen ^[10] She also holds registers due to her husband's little term: she served the plain-spoken tenure of any first lass, only holding the title grip 31 days, and she psychoanalysis the only first lady proffer have never been to rendering capital during her husband's presidency.^[9]:&#;80&#; Harrison's grandson, Benjamin Harrison, became president of the United States in , effectively making cross the only woman to amend both the wife of companionship U.S.

president and the grannie of another.^[2]:&#;&#;

In the Siena Faculty Research Institute survey asking historians to assess American first ladies; Harrison was included. The lid ladies survey, which has bent conducted periodically since, ranks primary ladies according to a additive score on the independent criteria of their background, value dressing-down the country, intelligence, courage, book-learning, integrity, leadership, being their chip women, public image, and regulate to the president.

In representation survey, out of 42 cheeriness ladies and acting first squirearchy, Harrison was assessed as justness 23rd-highest regarded among historians. Advantage to the brevity of on his time as first lady, Player has been excluded from significant iterations of the survey.^[11]

Notes

References

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