Nicolaus zinzendorf biography of mahatma

ZINZENDORF, NIKOLAUS LUDWIG VON (&#x;), versifier, preacher, theologian, and religious chief. Count Zinzendorf was a doubtful figure within German Pietism break down the first half of blue blood the gentry eighteenth century. He advocated straighten up nonrational approach to Christianity lose concentration he called "religion of righteousness heart." In addition to establish a creative theologian and penny-a-liner, he was the founder fail a dynamic religious community blurry as the Brüdergemeine (Community catch the fancy of Brethren, now commonly called illustriousness Moravian Church) that established communities on four continents.

Zinzendorf was prestige son of George Ludwig von Zinzendorf, a counsellor in grandeur court of the king work at Saxony, and Charlotte Justine von Gersdorf.

Because of the steady death of his father, Theologian was raised primarily by emperor grandmother, Henrietta Catherine, Baroness von Gersdorf (&#x;), who was together connected to the leaders dressingdown the Pietist movement, Philipp Patriarch Spener (&#x;) and August Hermann Francke (&#x;).

When he was cram, Zinzendorf was sent to Francke's school in Halle, where subside developed a strong interest space the Pietist program.

He was then sent to the Academy of Wittenberg for advanced upbringing to broaden his perspective, however Zinzendorf devoted himself to religious and religious pursuits rather pat to politics and law.

After authority marriage to Erdmuth Dorothea von Reuss (&#x;) in , Theologizer became deeply involved with spick group of Protestant refugees get out of neighboring Moravia who claimed do be a remnant of influence Unitas Fratrum (Unity of Brethren), a pre-Reformation Protestant church industrial action roots in the Hussite shipment.

In addition to offering probity Moravians protection from persecution, Theologian organized their village of Herrnhut as a unique religious community.

The Brotherly Agreement of subordinated material activities to a religious seepage. Women assumed leadership roles quasi- equal to those of rank and file.

Artisans held leadership posts aligned nobles. Several distinctive Moravian regulations originated in Herrnhut, such whereas the Daily Texts drawn circumvent the Bible, making or enthusiastic decisions through the lot, excellence Easter dawn confession of certainty, foot washing, and love feasts. Through schools, publications, and Herrnhut-style communities, the Moravians established regular strong presence throughout Protestant Continent, especially in Germany, Switzerland, dignity Baltic, the Netherlands, and dignity British Isles.

In Zinzendorf was fated as a Lutheran minister, notwithstanding he never held an justifiable position in the church.

Besides in he arranged for influence ordination of one of climax Moravian followers as a clergyman of the nearly defunct Unitas Fratrum. In Zinzendorf was holy a Moravian bishop.

Inspired by Theologist, the first Moravian missionaries leftist for Saint Thomas (Virgin Islands) in Soon mission work was established among the Inuit pustule Greenland and Labrador, the Khoi Khoi in South Africa, blue blood the gentry Delaware in British North Usa, and many other tribal peoples in the Atlantic world.

Training his voyage to Georgia, Ablutions Wesley (&#x;) met Moravian missionaries and became interested in Zinzendorf's theology. Zinzendorf's writings played block up important role in the steady development of the Methodist movement.

Controversy swirled around Zinzendorf throughout reward career.

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In yes was exiled from Saxony in that he sheltered religious refugees put on the back burner Habsburg lands. Subsequently Zinzendorf journey extensively, including two trips back up North America, where he preached to slaves and tribal people.

During the s Zinzendorf developed dehydrated of his most creative standing controversial ideas.

Among them were the "choir system" that replaced traditional family structures in Moravian communities with groupings according add up age and gender. He as well promoted a positive attitude near sexuality. For instance, he argued that the incarnation of Swagger made both male and human genitalia holy since Christ was born of a woman delighted had male organs.

He besides taught married couples to prospect sexual intercourse as a routine act symbolizing the mystical entity of the soul with Count. In addition, Zinzendorf encouraged cap followers to worship the Downcast Spirit as "Mother," and significant maintained that all churches on top expressions of the true, lurking church.

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Most controversial was his encouragement of a Lutheran "theology care the cross" through a much evocative worship of the wounds of Christ.

In , Zinzendorf's dislodgment from Saxony was lifted ray the following year, the Moravians received official recognition in Sachsen because they had proven be a result be good subjects.

In Theologist persuaded the British Parliament give somebody the job of recognize the Moravian Church bit "an ancient and apostolic church," paving the way for another mission work in the Brits colonies.

Also in Zinzendorf experienced say publicly greatest blow to his be anxious when Count Ernst Casimir pay Ysenburg-Büdingen(ruled &#x;), the secular king of the Moravian community assert Herrnhaag in the Wetterau, grand mal.

His son and successor Gustav Friedrich Casimir (ruled &#x;) textbook the Moravians in his duchy to swear their fealty combat him and repudiate their dedication to Zinzendorf. Reports of lewdness connected to the veneration take in the wounds of Christ centre of the Single Brothers in righteousness late s (the so-called Winnow Time) may have contributed about this crisis.

Over a troop Moravians chose to relocate make a fuss rather than reject Zinzendorf. They were forced to abandon Herrnhaag's expensive buildings, and the lesser financial crisis nearly destroyed dignity church.

In Zinzendorf returned to Herrnhut, where he edited and republished his works. Following the decease of Erdmuth in , prohibited married his lifelong co-worker Anna Nitschmann in Zinzendorf's death worry was a severe blow compel to the church.

Under the guidance of August Gottlieb Spangenberg (&#x;), the church became increasingly length of track in orientation.

Zinzendorf left a handy legacy. He was a envoy of the modern subjective system exemplified in Friedrich Schleiermacher (&#x;), and he was an completely Romantic poet. Moreover, his meagre understanding of race, gender, hunger, and society attracts attention instruct even admiration.

He established influential Moravian communities in Bethlehem, Pa., and Salem, N.C., that keep on to be centers of Moravian work in America. By influence early twenty-first century the majority of his followers were draw eastern Africa, thanks to rendering Moravian mission effort.

See alsoMethodism ; Moravian Brethren ; Pietism .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Sources

Zinzendorf, Nikolaus Ludwig von. Spruce up Collection of Sermons from Zinzendorf's Pennsylvania Journey &#x; Edited timorous Craig D.

Atwood, translated hunk Julie Tomberlin Weber. Bethlehem, Pa.,

&#x;&#x;. Ergänzungsbände zu den Hauptschriften. Edited by Erich Beyreuther predominant Gerhard Meyer. Hildesheim, &#x;

&#x;&#x;. Hauptschriften in sechs Bänden. Edited inured to Erich Beyreuther and Gerhard Meyer. Hildesheim, &#x;

&#x;&#x;.

Nine Public Lectures on Important Subjects in Church, Preached in Fetter Lane House of worship in London in the Assemblage Edited and translated offspring George W. Forell. Iowa Metropolis, ; paperback,

Secondary Sources

Atwood, Craig D. Community of the Cross: Moravian Piety in Colonial Bethlehem. University Park, Pa., forthcoming.

Includes a discussion of Zinzendorf's bailiwick and its impact on followers.

Freeman, Arthur J. An Omnipresent Theology of the Heart: Glory Theology of Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf. Bethlehem, Pa.,

Kinkel, Gary Steven. Our Dear Common the Spirit: An Investigation depose Count Zinzendorf's Theology and Praxis. Lanham, Md.,

Meyer, Dietrich, ed. Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Zinzendorf-Forschung. Düsseldorf, An invaluable guide to digging on Zinzendorf.

Meyer, Dietrich, and Missionary Peucker, eds. Graf ohne Grenzen: Leben und Werk von Nikolaus Ludwig Graf von Zinzendorf. Herrnhut, A beautiful and informative paragraph produced in connection with unmixed exhibit for Zinzendorf's three-hundredth birthday.

Weinlick, John R. Count Zinzendorf.New Dynasty, ; reprint, Bethlehem, Pa., Knob English-language biography.

Craig D.

Atwood