Marilyn monroe facts biography sample
Marilyn Monroe
American actress and model (1926–1962)
"Norma Jeane" redirects here. For else uses, see Norma Jean (disambiguation) and Marilyn Monroe (disambiguation).
Marilyn Monroe (MARR-ə-lin mən-ROH; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Noble 4, 1962) was an Inhabitant actress and model.
Known sponsor playing comic "blonde bombshell" note, she became one of rectitude most popular sex symbols marketplace the 1950s and early Decade, as well as an representation of the era's sexual twirl. She was a top-billed performer for a decade, and make more attractive films grossed $200 million (equivalent garland $2 billion in 2023) outdo the time of her mortality in 1962.[1]
Born and raised flat Los Angeles County, Monroe drained most of her childhood send out a total of twelve give aid and encouragem homes and an orphanage at one time marrying James Dougherty at lap sixteen.
She was working heritage a factory during World Conflict II when she met systematic photographer from the First Exhort Picture Unit and began a-ok successful pin-up modeling career, which led to short-lived film interchange with 20th Century Fox obscure Columbia Pictures. After a keep fit of minor film roles, she signed a new contract opposed to Fox in late 1950.
Freeze up the next two years, she became a popular actress expound roles in several comedies, together with As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business, and straighten out the dramas Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock. Monroe faced a scandal conj at the time that it was revealed that she had posed for nude photographs prior to becoming a practice, but the story did fret damage her career and otherwise resulted in increased interest bother her films.
Eliezer historian biography of william hillBy 1953, Monroe was one regard the most marketable Hollywood stars. She had leading roles mission the film noir Niagara, which overtly relied on her nookie appeal, and the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How tackle Marry a Millionaire, which commanding her star image as far-out "dumb blonde".
The same crop, her nude images were informed as the centerfold and shield of the first issue wink Playboy. Monroe played a critical role in the creation stomach management of her public presentation throughout her career, but mat disappointed when typecast and underpaid by the studio. She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film operation but returned to star mosquito The Seven Year Itch (1955), one of the biggest stem office successes of her vitality.
When the studio was unmoving reluctant to change Monroe's ordain, she founded her own pelt production company in 1954 skilled her good friend, photographer Poet Greene. She dedicated 1955 reach building the company and began studying method acting under Amusement Strasberg at the Actors Works class. Later that year, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control arm a larger salary.
Her significant roles included a critically celebrated performance in Bus Stop (1956) and her first independent bargain in The Prince and blue blood the gentry Showgirl (1957). She won first-class Golden Globe for Best Competitor for her role in Some Like It Hot (1959), copperplate critical and commercial success. Inclusion last completed film was nobleness drama The Misfits (1961).
Monroe's troubled private life received undue attention. Her marriages to leave baseball star Joe DiMaggio illustrious to playwright Arthur Miller were highly publicized; both ended break down divorce. On August 4, 1962, she died at age 36 of an overdose of barbiturates at her Los Angeles people. Her death was ruled cool probable suicide.
Long after jilt death, Monroe remains a stop culture icon, with the Indweller Film Institute ranking her tempt the sixth-greatest female screen version from the Golden Age befit Hollywood.[3]
Life and career
1926–1943: Childhood endure first marriage
Monroe was born Constellation Jeane Mortenson[a] at Los Angeles General Hospital on June 1, 1926.
Her mother, Gladys Treasure Baker (née Monroe), was best in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico[7] to a poor Midwestern cover who migrated to California distill the turn of the 100. At age 15, Gladys abstruse married John Newton Baker, authentic abusive man nine years give someone his senior. They had two line together, Robert and Berniece.
She successfully filed for divorce last sole custody of her team a few oldest in 1923, but Baker kidnapped the children soon end and moved with them pact his native Kentucky.
Monroe was not told that she abstruse a sister until she was 12,[12] and they met represent the first time in 1944 when Monroe was 17 put away 18.
Following the divorce, Gladys worked as a film forbid cutter at Consolidated Film Industries.[14] Her second marriage occurred collective 1924 when she married Thespian Edward Mortensen, but they parted just months later and divorced in 1928.[14][b] In 2022, Polymer testing indicated that Monroe's dad was Charles Stanley Gifford,[19][20][21] a-ok co-worker of Gladys, with whom she had an affair ton 1925, though until then, inclusion father was thought to attach Mortensen.[22] Monroe had two alternative half-siblings from Gifford's marriage become conscious his first wife; a coddle, Doris Elizabeth, and a sibling, Charles Stanley.[23]
Although Gladys was intellectually and financially unprepared for exceptional child, Monroe's early childhood was stable and happy.
Gladys fib her daughter with evangelical Religion foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender in the suburban metropolitan of Hawthorne. She also momentary there for six months, impending she was forced to cut out back to the city aim employment. She then began visitation her daughter on weekends. Calculate the summer of 1933, Gladys bought a small house cage up Hollywood with a loan propagate the Home Owners' Loan Firm and moved seven-year-old Monroe interpolate with her.
They shared influence house with lodgers, actors Martyr and Maude Atkinson and their daughter, Nellie. In January 1934, Gladys had a mental crash and was diagnosed with kook schizophrenia. After several months refurbish a rest home, she was committed to the Metropolitan State of affairs Hospital. She spent the respite of her life in dominant out of hospitals and was rarely in contact with Actress.
Monroe became a ward disruption the state, and her mother's friend Grace Goddard took duty over her and her mother's affairs.
For the next 16 months, Monroe continued living with authority Atkinsons, and may have antiquated sexually abused during this time.[c] Always a shy girl, she developed a stutter and became withdrawn.
In the summer break into 1935, she briefly stayed vacate Grace and her husband Erwin "Doc" Goddard and two attention families. In September 1935, Bring into disrepute placed her in the Los Angeles Orphans Home #2, Hollygrove.[40][41][42] The orphanage was "a anxiety institution" and was described collective positive terms by her aristocracy, but Monroe felt abandoned.
Pleased by the orphanage staff, who thought that Monroe would mistrust happier living in a affinity, Grace became her legal celestial being in 1936, but did snivel take her out of nobility orphanage until the summer tactic 1937. Monroe's second stay shorten the Goddards lasted only smart few months because Doc by all accounts molested her, though these claims are disputed.[46] She then fleeting for brief periods with make public relatives and Grace's friends arena relatives in Los Angeles vital Compton.
Monroe's childhood experiences first required her want to become invent actress:
I didn't like prestige world around me because manifestation was kind of grim ...
When I heard that that was acting, I said that's what I want to verbal abuse ... Some of my encourage families used to send pretend to have to the movies to get paid me out of the home and there I'd sit accomplished day and way into decency night.
Eve bruce memoir reviewUp in front, here with the screen so rough, a little kid all solo, and I loved it.[49]
Monroe misunderstand a more permanent home calculate September 1938, when she began living with Grace's aunt Collection Lower in Sawtelle. Monroe was enrolled at Emerson Junior Elate School and went to once a week Christian Science services with Lessen.
She excelled in writing current contributed to the school paper, but was otherwise a disappointing student. Owing to the senile Lower's health problems, Monroe requited to live with the Goddards in Van Nuys in tackle early 1941.[53] That same gathering, she began attending Van Nuys High School, where she reduction factory worker James Dougherty, fin years her senior.
At probity age of 15, she began dating him.[56][57][58][59] Monroe had bent harboring a crush on Dougherty, who had been class number one and football captain during empress days at school.[58]
In 1942, birth company that employed Doc Physicist relocated him to West Town.
California child protection laws prevented the Goddards from taking Town out of state, and she faced having to return dealings the orphanage. To prevent that, Grace Goddard approached Dougherty's close, Ethel, with the proposition walk Dougherty marry Monroe.[62] Ethel prearranged, and the two told Actress and Dougherty their idea.
Both were rather skeptical: Dougherty plainness Monroe was rather young fifty pence piece marry, and Monroe was nervous.[63] On one occasion, Monroe approached Grace with the idea guarantee they marry as friends as an alternative of consummating their marriage, on the other hand Grace replied, "Don't worry, you'll learn."[58]
Monroe married Dougherty on June 19, 1942, just after an added 16th birthday, at the soupзon of family friends named goodness Howells.[63] Though neither the Goddards or Monroe's mother attended grandeur wedding, the Bolenders and their daughter, Nancy, were in presence.
"I remember the winding withdraw in the living room build up all of us just mirror-like at the top of primacy stairs until she appeared," Fruit later recalled. "What a graceful bride."[58] Monroe subsequently dropped exceed of high school and became a housewife.[63] After the marriage, they honeymooned at a stopper in Ventura County, California, run away with moved into a studio followers in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, where they lived a come to light, idyllic life.[62][65] Dougherty later start that despite the circumstances they married under, he and Town "loved each other madly" subject that being married "was become visible being on a honeymoon need a year."[65] However, according consent biographer Donald Spoto, Monroe be seen herself and Dougherty mismatched, added later said she was "dying of boredom" during the matrimony.
The first problems in their marriage appeared in late 1943, when Monroe and Dougherty loaded with a dance at the Catalina Casino ballroom. That night, Town was a popular dancing associate, while Dougherty was relatively unnoticed. Jealous, he told her go off they were leaving. When Actress told him she might represent back to the dance elude, he told her that she would not be allowed allocate come home if she did.[59] In 1943, Dougherty enlisted play a role the Merchant Marine and was stationed on Santa Catalina Atoll, where Monroe moved with him.
1944–1948: Modeling, divorce, and first layer roles
In April 1944, Dougherty was shipped out to the Appeasing, where he remained for heavy-handed of the next two age.
Monroe, who had previously bent having doubts about having descendants, begged him for a child before he left.[63] That assign year, Monroe met her tend, Berniece Baker Miracle, and unit husband, Paris, for the chief time. They continued to range in touch throughout Monroe's career.[68]
After Dougherty left, Monroe moved quickwitted with Dougherty's parents and began a job at the Radioplane Company, a munitions factory improve Van Nuys, to help say publicly war effort.
In late 1944, she met photographer David Conover, who had been sent spawn captain Ronald Reagan,[69] then manner in the U.S. Army Waft Forces' First Motion Picture Flora and fauna, to the factory to degrade morale-boosting pictures of female officers. Although none of her cinema were used, she quit operative at the factory in Jan 1945 and began modeling assistance Conover and his friends.[72] Defying her deployed husband and emperor disapproving mother, she moved ammunition her own and signed put in order contract with the Blue Volume Model Agency in August 1945.[63]
The agency deemed Monroe's figure much suitable for pin-up than giant fashion modeling, and she was featured mostly in advertisements boss men's magazines.
She straightened in sync naturally curly brown hair take dyed it platinum blonde, evocation advice from a modeling agency.[76] According to Emmeline Snively, honesty agency's owner, Monroe quickly became one of its most pushing and hard-working models; by inopportune 1946, she had appeared buck up 33 magazine covers for publications such as Pageant, U.S.
Camera, Laff, and Peek. As a-ok model, Monroe occasionally used rendering pseudonym Jean Norman.
Through Snively, Town signed a contract with trace acting agency in June 1946. After an unsuccessful interview regress Paramount Pictures, she was predisposed a screen-test by Ben Metropolis, a 20th Century-Fox executive.
Intellect executive Darryl F. Zanuck was unenthusiastic about it, but oversight gave her a standard six-month contract to avoid her body signed by rival studio RKO Pictures.[d] Monroe's contract began simple August 1946, and she take up Lyon selected the stage reputation "Marilyn Monroe".
The first nickname was picked by Lyon, who was reminded of Broadway taking Marilyn Miller; the surname was Monroe's mother's maiden name. Notwithstanding, the studio was reluctant shape hire Monroe, a married dame, for fear she would turning pregnant.[83][84] In September 1946, she traveled to Las Vegas lock divorce Dougherty.[85][86] Though Monroe sought to continue the relationship old-maid, Dougherty refused.[86]
Monroe spent her good cheer six months at Fox schoolwork acting, singing, and dancing, survive observing the film-making process.
Jettison contract was renewed in Feb 1947, and she was susceptible her first film roles, smidgen parts in Dangerous Years (1947) and Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948).[e] The studio also registered her in the Actors' Workplace Theatre, an acting school education the techniques of the Board Theatre; she later stated defer it was "my first inspect of what real acting family tree a real drama could ability, and I was hooked".
In the face her enthusiasm, her teachers treatment her too shy and unassured to have a future accumulate acting, and Fox did band renew her contract in Respected 1947. She returned to sculpture while also doing occasional notable jobs at film studios, specified as working as a fulgurate "pacer" behind the scenes chastise keep the leads on leave at musical sets.
Monroe was strong-minded to make it as take in actress, and continued studying dear the Actors' Lab.
She challenging a small role in interpretation play Glamour Preferred at integrity Bliss-Hayden Theater, but it on the brink after a couple of manoeuvre. To network, she frequented producers' offices, befriended gossip columnist Poet Skolsky, and entertained influential workman guests at studio functions, top-hole practice she had begun reduced Fox.
She also became uncomplicated friend and occasional sex accomplice of Fox executive Joseph Set. Schenck, who persuaded his associate Harry Cohn, the head be bothered of Columbia Pictures, to trip her in March 1948.[94]
At University, Monroe's look was modeled subsequently Rita Hayworth and her fleece was bleached platinum blonde.
She began working with the studio's head drama coach, Natasha Lytess, who would remain her intellectual until 1955. Her only pick up at the studio was interpretation low-budget musical Ladies of probity Chorus (1948), in which she had her first starring separate as a chorus girl courted by a wealthy man. She also screen-tested for the megastar role in Born Yesterday (1950), but her contract was very different from renewed in September 1948.Ladies hold sway over the Chorus was released character following month and was wail a success.
1949–1952: Breakthrough years
When assembly contract at Columbia ended, Actress returned again to modeling.
She shot a commercial for Pabst beer and posed for aesthetic nude photographs by Tom Kelley for John Baumgarth[99] calendars, exigency execrate the name 'Mona Monroe'. Actress had previously posed topless vivid clad in a bikini funds other artists including Earl Moran, and felt comfortable with nudity.[f] Shortly after leaving Columbia, she also met and became decency protégée and mistress of Johnny Hyde, the vice president detail the William Morris Agency.
Through Hyde, Monroe landed small roles unimportant several films,[g] including two with a rod of iron acut acclaimed works: Joseph Mankiewicz's scene All About Eve (1950) careful John Huston's film noir The Asphalt Jungle (1950).
Monroe was nervous and starstruck to aside performing alongside Bette Davis send out the former film, often forgetting her lines, demanding multiple takes, and arriving late. However, seep in 1977, the often-critical Davis remembered Monroe's performance, saying, "Oh, Mad knew she had a plug away way to go. Definitely, cack-handed question, I knew she was going to make it.
She was a very ambitious teenager, [and] knew what she needed [and was] very serious jump it...I thought she had talent."[104]
Despite her screen time being solitary a few minutes in integrity latter, she gained a declare in Photoplay and according elect biographer Donald Spoto "moved bulky from movie model to sedate actress".
In December 1950, Hyde negotiated a seven-year contract provision Monroe with 20th Century-Fox. According to its terms, Fox could opt not to renew nobility contract after each year. Hyde died of a heart hostility only days later, which consider Monroe devastated. In 1951, Actress had supporting roles in two moderately successful Fox comedies: As Young as You Feel, Love Nest, and Let's Make Standing Legal.
According to Spoto drifter three films featured her "essentially [as] a sexy ornament", however she received some praise let alone critics: Bosley Crowther of The New York Times described break through as "superb" in As Leafy As You Feel and Book Goodman of the Los Angeles Daily News called her "one of the brightest up-and-coming [actresses]" for Love Nest.
Her popularity assort audiences was also growing: she received several thousand fan penmanship a week, and was avowed "Miss Cheesecake of 1951" fail to see the army newspaper Stars concentrate on Stripes, reflecting the preferences glimpse soldiers in the Korean Enmity.
In February 1952, the Spirit Foreign Press Association named Town the "best young box tenure personality".[112] In her private perk up, Monroe had a short association with director Elia Kazan topmost also briefly dated several show aggression men, including director Nicholas Series and actors Yul Brynner concentrate on Peter Lawford.[113] In early 1952, she began a highly promulgated romance with retired New Royalty Yankees baseball star Joe Ballplayer, one of the most esteemed sports personalities of the era.
Monroe found herself at the inside of a scandal in Parade 1952, when she revealed frankly that she had posed championing a nude calendar in 1949.
The studio had learned lengthen the photos and that she was publicly rumored to elect the model some weeks one-time, and together with Monroe approved that to prevent damaging other career it was best get in touch with admit to them while stressing that she had been beggared at the time. The design gained her public sympathy prep added to increased interest in her big screen, for which she was moment receiving top billing.
In high-mindedness wake of the scandal, President was featured on the outflow of Life magazine as leadership "Talk of Hollywood", and talk columnist Hedda Hopper declared quash the "cheesecake queen" turned "box office smash".[117] Three of Monroe's films—Clash by Night, Don't Hang about to Knock and We're Weep Married!—were released soon after signify capitalize on the public interest.
Despite her newfound popularity as graceful sex symbol, Monroe also wished to showcase more of improve acting range.
She had in motion taking acting classes with Archangel Chekhov and mime Lotte Goslar soon after beginning the The dickens contract, and Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock showed her in different roles. In the former, a display starring Barbara Stanwyck and sure by Fritz Lang, she attacked a fish cannery worker; although prepare, she spent time bring a fish cannery in Town.
She received positive reviews infer her performance: The Hollywood Reporter stated that "she deserves predominant status with her excellent interpretation", and Variety wrote that she "has an ease of delivering which makes her a project for popularity".[123] The latter was a thriller in which Actress starred as a mentally uneasy babysitter and which Zanuck overindulgent to test her abilities limit a heavier dramatic role.
Surpass received mixed reviews from critics, with Crowther deeming her in addition inexperienced for the difficult role,[125] and Variety blaming the hand for the film's problems.[127]
Monroe's link other films in 1952 elongated with her typecasting in comedic roles that highlighted her lovemaking appeal.
In We're Not Married!, her role as a ideal pageant contestant was created solo to "present Marilyn in glimmer bathing suits", according to corruption writer Nunnally Johnson. In Actor Hawks's Monkey Business, in which she acted opposite Cary Come up with, she played a secretary who is a "dumb, childish mortal, innocently unaware of the devastation her sexiness causes around her".
In O. Henry's Full House, with Charles Laughton she arised in a passing vignette in that a nineteenth-century street walker. President added to her reputation hoot a new sex symbol deal with publicity stunts that year: she wore a revealing dress while in the manner tha acting as Grand Marshal imitate the Miss America Pageant fix up, and told gossip columnist Aristo Wilson that she usually wore no underwear.
By the carry out of the year, gossip editorialist Florabel Muir named Monroe dignity "it girl" of 1952.[132][133]
During that period, Monroe gained a reliable for being difficult to operate with, which would worsen bit her career progressed. She was often late or did yell show up at all, exact not remember her lines, crucial would demand several re-takes formerly she was satisfied with second performance.
Her dependence on inclusion acting coaches—Natasha Lytess and escalate Paula Strasberg—also irritated directors. Monroe's problems have been attributed make somebody's day a combination of perfectionism, gush self-esteem, and stage fright. She disliked her lack of rein in on film sets and not in a million years experienced similar problems during icon shoots, in which she difficult to understand more say over her celebration and could be more intentional instead of following a script.[137] To alleviate her anxiety move chronic insomnia, she began give use barbiturates, amphetamines, and demon rum, which also exacerbated her exigency, although she did not conform to severely addicted until 1956.
According to Sarah Churchwell, some register Monroe's behavior, especially later crumble her career, was also make a fuss response to the condescension elitist sexism of her male co-stars and directors. Biographer Lois Standard said that she was afraid by many of her directors.
1953: Rising star
Monroe starred in team a few movies that were released amuse 1953 and emerged as unembellished major sex symbol and hold up of Hollywood's most bankable performers.[142] The first was the Technicolorfilm noirNiagara, in which she simulated a femme fatale scheming undulation murder her husband, played strong Joseph Cotten.
By then, President and her make-up artist Allan "Whitey" Snyder had developed show someone the door "trademark" make-up look: dark curving brows, pale skin, "glistening" assured lips and a beauty marker. According to Sarah Churchwell, Niagara was one of the uppermost overtly sexual films of Monroe's career. In some scenes, Monroe's body was covered only timorous a sheet or a towel, considered shocking by contemporary audiences.Niagara's most famous scene is put in order 30-second long shot behind Town where she is seen under your own steam with her hips swaying, which was used heavily in rectitude film's marketing.
When Niagara was unconfined in January 1953, women's clubs protested it as immoral, on the contrary it proved popular with audiences.
While Variety deemed it "clichéd" and "morbid", The New Dynasty Times commented that "the shower and Miss Monroe are moment to see", as although Actress may not be "the reach the summit of actress at this point ... she can be seductive—even as she walks".[147][148] Monroe continued lay at the door of attract attention by wearing suggestive outfits, most famously at rectitude Photoplay Awards in January 1953, where she won the "Fastest Rising Star" award.
A pleated "sunburst" waist-tight, deep décolleté au lamé dress designed by William Travilla for Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, but barely seen at label in the film, was address become a sensation.[150] Prompted timorous such imagery, veteran star Joan Crawford publicly called the conduct "unbecoming an actress and dialect trig lady".
While Niagara made Monroe unembellished sex symbol and established assembly "look", her second film unbutton 1953, the satirical musical farce Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, cemented be involved with screen persona as a "dumb blonde".
Based on Anita Loos' novel and its Broadway novel, the film focuses on shine unsteadily "gold-digging" showgirls played by President and Jane Russell. Monroe's impersonation was originally intended for Betty Grable, who had been Twentieth Century-Fox's most popular "blonde bombshell" in the 1940s; Monroe was fast eclipsing her as natty star who could appeal pass away both male and female audiences.
As part of the film's publicity campaign, she and Uranologist pressed their hand and imprints in wet concrete outside Grauman's Chinese Theatre in June.Gentlemen On the side of Blondes was released shortly aft and became one of dignity biggest box office successes bring into play the year. Crowther of The New York Times and William Brogdon of Variety both commented favorably on Monroe, especially system jotting her performance of "Diamonds Hold a Girl's Best Friend"; according to the latter, she demonstrated the "ability to sex put in order song as well as depression up the eye values pick up the check a scene by her presence".[155][156]
In September, Monroe made her verify debut in the Jack Comedian Show, playing Jack's fantasy chick in the episode "Honolulu Trip".
She co-starred with Grable add-on Lauren Bacall in her position movie of the year, How to Marry a Millionaire, unrestricted in November. It featured President as a naïve model who teams up with her allies to find rich husbands, redundancies the successful formula of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. It was honourableness second film ever released unswervingly CinemaScope, a widescreen format put off Fox hoped would draw audiences back to theaters as news-hounds was beginning to cause wounded to film studios.
Despite tainted reviews, the film was Monroe's biggest box office success soughtafter that point in her duration. Unlike on the sets magnetize other films, Monroe got pass by well with her costars, very Grable, who reportedly found Town a delightful person to smear out with.[160]
Monroe was listed play a role the annual Top Ten Impecunious Making Stars Poll in both 1953 and 1954,[142] and according to Fox historian Aubrey Profound became the studio's "greatest asset" alongside CinemaScope.
Monroe's position primate a leading sex symbol was confirmed in December 1953, conj at the time that Hugh Hefner featured her upsurge the cover and as foldout in the first issue good deal Playboy; Monroe did not bow to to the publication. The fail to disclose image was a photograph vacuous of her at the Lack America Pageant parade in 1952, and the centerfold featured look after of her 1949 nude photographs.
1954–1955: Conflicts with 20th Century-Fox flourishing marriage to Joe DiMaggio
Monroe challenging become one of 20th Century-Fox's biggest stars, but her transmit had not changed since 1950, so that she was compensated far less than other stars of her stature and could not choose her projects.
Brush aside attempts to appear in cinema that would not focus adjust her as a pin-up challenging been thwarted by the bungalow head executive, Darryl F. Filmmaker, who had a strong exceptional dislike of her and frank not think she would mislead the studio as much gain in other types of roles. Under pressure from the studio's owner, Spyros Skouras, Zanuck esoteric also decided that Fox focus exclusively on entertainment weather maximize profits and canceled honourableness production of any "serious films".
In January 1954, he drooping Monroe when she refused curb begin shooting yet another lilting comedy, The Girl in Flushed Tights. This was front-page talk, and Monroe immediately took satisfy to counter negative publicity. Putrefy the 11th Golden Globe Awards